Insights

One publication. Many difficult questions.

Technical articles, research, engineering notes, and professional analysis about intelligent systems and the real engineering required to make them useful.

Topics describe what an idea is about. Formats describe what kind of piece it became.

  • ergodic time averages cover
    article
    From the law of large numbers to Mamba-based telemetry analysis and human trial-and-error, the value of repetition depends on what the process lets us observe.

    Ergodic theory explains when one long trajectory can reveal a system’s statistical truth—and why data volume alone cannot guarantee learning.